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MySQL – Show Privileges

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The users in MySQL must have enough privileges to interact with the server. This is possible by assigning authentication details, like passwords to the users. In addition to this, operational or administrative privileges are granted separately if a user wants to interact with and operate on the data.

The MySQL SHOW Privileges

The MySQL SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement displays the list of privileges that are supported by the MYSQL server. The displayed list includes all static and currently registered dynamic privileges.

The information (returned list) contains three columns −

  • Privilege − Name of the privilege
  • Context − Name of the MySQL object for which the privilege is applicable.
  • Comment − A string value describing the purpose of the privilege.

Syntax

Following is the syntax to list out all privileges in a MySQL Server −

SHOW PRIVILEGES;

Example

Following query lists out all the privileges supported by the MySQL server −

SHOW PRIVILEGES

Output

After executing the above code, we get the following output −

Privilege Context Comment
Alter Tables To alter the table
Alter routine Functions, Procedures To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
Create Databases, Tables, Indexes To create new databases and tables
Create routine Databases To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
Create role Server Admin To create new roles
Create temporary tables Databases To use CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
Create view Tables To create new views
Create user Server Admin To create new users
Delete Tables To delete existing rows
Drop Databases, Tables To drop databases, tables, and views
Drop role Server Admin To drop roles
Event Server Admin To create, alter, drop and execute events
Execute Functions, Procedures To execute stored routines
File File access on server To read and write files on the server
Grant option Databases, Tables, Funcs, Procedures To give to other users those privileges you possess
Index Tables To create or drop indexes
Insert Tables To insert data into tables
Lock tables Databases To use LOCK TABLES (together with SELECT privilege)
Process Server Admin To view the plain text of currently executing queries
Proxy Server Admin To make proxy user possible
References Databases,Tables To have references on tables
Reload Server Admin To reload or refresh tables, logs and privileges
Replication client Server Admin To ask where the slave or master servers are
Replication slave Server Admin To read binary log events from the master
Select Tables To retrieve rows from table
Show databases Server Admin To see all databases with SHOW DATABASES
Show view Tables To see views with SHOW CREATE VIEW
Shutdown Server Admin To shut down the server
Super Server Admin To use KILL thread, SET GLOBAL, CHANGE MASTER, etc.
Trigger Tables To use triggers
Create tablespace Server Admin To create/alter/drop tablespaces
Update Tables To update existing rows
Usage Server Admin No privileges – allow connect only
BINLOG_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN Server Admin
AUDIT_ADMIN Server Admin
ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN Server Admin
INNODB_REDO_LOG_ARCHIVE Server Admin
APPLICATION_PASSWORD_ADMIN Server Admin
SHOW_ROUTINE Server Admin
BACKUP_ADMIN Server Admin
BINLOG_ADMIN Server Admin
CLONE_ADMIN Server Admin
CONNECTION_ADMIN Server Admin
SET_USER_ID Server Admin
SERVICE_CONNECTION_ADMIN Server Admin
GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN Server Admin
REPLICATION_APPLIER Server Admin
INNODB_REDO_LOG_ENABLE Server Admin
PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
TABLE_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN Server Admin
ROLE_ADMIN Server Admin
REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN Server Admin
SESSION_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN Server Admin
RESOURCE_GROUP_USER Server Admin
SYSTEM_USER Server Admin
SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
XA_RECOVER_ADMIN Server Admin

Listing Privileges Using a Client Program

Now, let us see how to retrieve/list all the privileges granted to the current MySQL user using a client program in programming languages like Java, PHP, Python, JavaScript, C++ etc.

Syntax

Following are the syntaxes −

To show all the privileges granted to an user, we need to pass the SHOW PRIVILEGES statement as a parameter to the query() function of the PHP mysqli library as −

$sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
$mysqli->query($sql);

Following is the syntax to show all the privileges granted to the current user through a JavaScript program −

sql= "SHOW PRIVILEGES;"
con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
   if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
});

To show the privileges of the current user, we need to execute the SHOW PRIVILEGES statement using the JDBC executeQuery() function as −

String sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
statement.executeQuery(sql);

Following is the syntax to show all the privileges granted to the current MySQL user through a Python program −

sql = f"SHOW GRANTS FOR ''{username_to_show}''@''localhost''";
cursorObj.execute(sql);

Example

Following are the programs −

$dbhost = ''localhost
$dbuser = ''root
$dbpass = ''password
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf(''Connected successfully.
''); $sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES"; if($result = $mysqli->query($sql)){ printf("PRIVILEGES found successfully...!"); printf("Lists are: "); while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)){ print_r($row); } } if($mysqli->error){ printf("Failed..!" , $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

Output

The output obtained is as follows −

PRIVILEGES found successfully...!Lists are: Array
(
    [0] => Alter
    [Privilege] => Alter
    [1] => Tables
    [Context] => Tables
    [2] => To alter the table
    [Comment] => To alter the table
)
Array
(
    [0] => Alter routine
    [Privilege] => Alter routine
    [1] => Functions,Procedures
    [Context] => Functions,Procedures
    [2] => To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
    [Comment] => To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create
    [Privilege] => Create
    [1] => Databases,Tables,Indexes
    [Context] => Databases,Tables,Indexes
    [2] => To create new databases and tables
    [Comment] => To create new databases and tables
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create routine
    [Privilege] => Create routine
    [1] => Databases
    [Context] => Databases
    [2] => To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
    [Comment] => To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create role
    [Privilege] => Create role
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] => To create new roles
    [Comment] => To create new roles
)
..........

 (
    [0] => REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN
    [Privilege] => REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] =>
    [Comment] =>
)
Array
(
    [0] => SENSITIVE_VARIABLES_OBSERVER
    [Privilege] => SENSITIVE_VARIABLES_OBSERVER
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] =>
    [Comment] =>
)

var mysql = require(''mysql2'');
var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});

  //Connecting to MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");
  console.log("--------------------------");

  sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err;
    console.log(result);
  });
});

Output

The output produced is as follows −

Connected!
--------------------------
[
  {
    Privilege: ''Alter'',
    Context: ''Tables'',
    Comment: ''To alter the table''
  },
.
.
.
  {
    Privilege: ''TELEMETRY_LOG_ADMIN'',
    Context: ''Server Admin'',
    Comment: ''''
  }
]

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class ShowPriv {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TUTORIALS";
		String user = "root";
		String password = "password";
		ResultSet rs;
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!");
            String sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
            System.out.println("All privileges: "); 
            while(rs.next()) {
            	String priv = rs.getNString(1);
            	System.out.println(priv);
            }
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

Output

The output obtained is as shown below −

All privileges: 
Alter
Alter routine
Create
Create routine
Create role
Create temporary tables
Create view
Create user
Delete
Drop
Drop role
Event
Execute
File
Grant option
Index
Insert
Lock tables
Process
Proxy
References
Reload
Replication client
Replication slave
Select
Show databases
Show view
Shutdown
Super

import mysql.connector
# creating the connection object
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host=''localhost'',
    user=''root'',
    password=''password''
)
username_to_show = ''newUser''
# Create a cursor object for the connection
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
cursorObj.execute(f"SHOW GRANTS FOR ''{username_to_show}''@''localhost''")
privileges = cursorObj.fetchall()
print(f"Privileges for user ''{username_to_show}'' are:")
for grant in privileges:
    print(grant[0])
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

Output

Following is the output of the above code −

Privileges for user ''newUser'' are:
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `newUser`@`localhost`
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `your_database`.* TO `newUser`@`localhost`

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