Category: neo4j

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Count Function nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Count Function



    Assume we have created a graph in the database with the following details.

    Count Database

    Count

    The count() function is used to count the number of rows.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax of the count function.

    MATCH (n { name: ''A'' })-->(x)
    RETURN n, count(*)
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which demonstrates the usage of the count() function.

    Match(n{name: "India", result: "Winners"})--(x)
    RETURN n, count(*)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Count Match

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Count Result

    Group Count

    The COUNT clause is also used to count the groups of relationship types.

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which counts and returns the number of nodes participating in each relation.

    Match(n{name: "India", result: "Winners"})-[r]-(x)
    RETURN type (r), count(*)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Group Count

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Group Count Result

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Limit Clause nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Limit Clause



    The limit clause is used to limit the number of rows in the output.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax of the LIMIT clause.

    MATCH (n)
    RETURN n
    ORDER BY n.name
    LIMIT 3
    

    Example

    Before proceeding with the example, create 5 nodes in the Neo4j database as shown below.

    CREATE(Dhawan:player{name:"shikar Dhawan", YOB: 1985, runs:363, country: "India"})
    CREATE(Jonathan:player{name:"Jonathan Trott", YOB:1981, runs:229, country:"South Africa"})
    CREATE(Sangakkara:player{name:"Kumar Sangakkara", YOB:1977, runs:222, country:"Srilanka"})
    CREATE(Rohit:player{name:"Rohit Sharma", YOB: 1987, runs:177, country:"India"})
    CREATE(Virat:player{name:"Virat Kohli", YOB: 1988, runs:176, country:"India"})
    

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which returns the nodes created above in a descending order and limits the records in the result to 3.

    MATCH (n)
    RETURN n.name, n.runs
    ORDER BY n.runs DESC
    LIMIT 3
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Limit

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Limit Result

    Limit with expression

    You can also use the LIMIT clause with expression.

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which limits the records using an expression.

    MATCH (n)
    RETURN n.name, n.runs
    ORDER BY n.runs DESC
    LIMIT toInt(3 * rand())+ 1
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Expression Limit

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Expression Result

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j CQL – Introduction nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j CQL – Introduction



    CQL stands for Cypher Query Language. Like Oracle Database has query language SQL, Neo4j has CQL as query language.

    Neo4j CQL

    • Is a query language for Neo4j Graph Database.
    • Is a declarative pattern-matching language.
    • Follows SQL like syntax.
    • Syntax is very simple and in human readable format.

    Like Oracle SQL

    • Neo4j CQL has commands to perform Database operations.

    • Neo4j CQL supports many clauses such as WHERE, ORDER BY, etc., to write very complex queries in an easy manner.

    • Neo4j CQL supports some functions such as String, Aggregation. In addition to them, it also supports some Relationship Functions.

    Neo4j CQL Clauses

    Following are the read clauses of Neo4j Cypher Query Language −

    Sr.No Read Clauses Usage
    1 MATCH This clause is used to search the data with a specified pattern.
    2 OPTIONAL MATCH This is the same as match, the only difference being it can use nulls in case of missing parts of the pattern.
    3 WHERE This clause id is used to add contents to the CQL queries.
    4 START This clause is used to find the starting points through the legacy indexes.
    5 LOAD CSV This clause is used to import data from CSV files.

    Following are the write clauses of Neo4j Cypher Query Language −

    Sr.No Write Clause Usage
    1 CREATE This clause is used to create nodes, relationships, and properties.
    2 MERGE This clause verifies whether the specified pattern exists in the graph. If not, it creates the pattern.
    3 SET This clause is used to update labels on nodes, properties on nodes and relationships.
    4 DELETE This clause is used to delete nodes and relationships or paths etc. from the graph.
    5 REMOVE This clause is used to remove properties and elements from nodes and relationships.
    6 FOREACH This class is used to update the data within a list.
    7 CREATE UNIQUE Using the clauses CREATE and MATCH, you can get a unique pattern by matching the existing pattern and creating the missing one.
    8 Importing CSV files with Cypher Using Load CSV you can import data from .csv files.

    Following are the general clauses of Neo4j Cypher Query Language −

    Sr.No General Clauses Usage
    1 RETURN This clause is used to define what to include in the query result set.
    2 ORDER BY This clause is used to arrange the output of a query in order. It is used along with the clauses RETURN or WITH.
    3 LIMIT This clause is used to limit the rows in the result to a specific value.
    4 SKIP This clause is used to define from which row to start including the rows in the output.
    5 WITH This clause is used to chain the query parts together.
    6 UNWIND This clause is used to expand a list into a sequence of rows.
    7 UNION This clause is used to combine the result of multiple queries.
    8 CALL This clause is used to invoke a procedure deployed in the database.

    Neo4j CQL Functions

    Following are the frequently used Neo4j CQL Functions −

    Sr.No CQL Functions Usage
    1 String They are used to work with String literals.
    2 Aggregation They are used to perform some aggregation operations on CQL Query results.
    3 Relationship They are used to get details of relationships such as startnode, endnode, etc.

    We will discuss all Neo4j CQL commands, clauses and functions syntax, usage and examples in-detail in the subsequent chapters.

    Neo4j CQL Data Types

    These data types are similar to Java language. They are used to define properties of a node or a relationship.

    Neo4j CQL supports the following data types −

    Sr.No CQL Data Type Usage
    1 Boolean It is used to represent Boolean literals: true, false.
    2 byte It is used to represent 8-bit integers.
    3 short It is used to represent 16-bit integers.
    4 int It is used to represent 32-bit integers.
    5 long It is used to represent 64-bit integers.
    6 float It is used to represent 32-bit floating-point numbers.
    7 double It is used to represent 64-bit floating-point numbers.
    8 char It is used to represent 16-bit characters.
    9 String It is used to represent Strings.

    CQL Operators

    Following are the list of operators supported by Neo4j Cypher Query language.

    Sr.No Type Operators
    1 Mathematical +, -, *, /, %, ^
    2 Comparison +, <>, <, >, <=, >=
    3 Boolean AND, OR, XOR, NOT
    4 String +
    5 List +, IN, [X], [X…..Y]
    6 Regular Expression =-
    7 String matching STARTS WITH, ENDS WITH, CONSTRAINTS

    Boolean Operators in Neo4j CQL

    Neo4j supports the following Boolean operators to use in Neo4j CQL WHERE clause to support multiple conditions.

    Sr.No Boolean Operators Description
    1 AND It is a Neo4j CQL keyword to support AND operation. It is like SQL AND operator.
    2 OR It is a Neo4j CQL keyword to support OR operation. It is like SQL AND operator.
    3 NOT It is a Neo4j CQL keyword to support NOT operation. It is like SQL AND operator.
    4 XOR It is a Neo4j CQL keyword to support XOR operation. It is like SQL AND operator.

    Comparison Operators in Neo4j CQL

    Neo4j supports the following Comparison operators to use in Neo4j CQL WHERE clause to support conditions.

    Sr.No Boolean Operators Description
    1 = It is a Neo4j CQL “Equal To” operator.
    2 < > It is a Neo4j CQL “Not Equal To” operator.
    3 < It is a Neo4j CQL “Less Than” operator.
    4 > It is a Neo4j CQL “Greater Than” operator.
    5 <= It is a Neo4j CQL “Less Than Or Equal To” operator.
    6 > = It is a Neo4j CQL “Greater Than Or Equal To” operator.

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Overview nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Overview



    Neo4j is the world”s leading open source Graph Database which is developed using Java technology. It is highly scalable and schema free (NoSQL).

    What is a Graph Database?

    A graph is a pictorial representation of a set of objects where some pairs of objects are connected by links. It is composed of two elements – nodes (vertices) and relationships (edges).

    Graph database is a database used to model the data in the form of graph. In here, the nodes of a graph depict the entities while the relationships depict the association of these nodes.

    Popular Graph Databases

    Neo4j is a popular Graph Database. Other Graph Databases are Oracle NoSQL Database, OrientDB, HypherGraphDB, GraphBase, InfiniteGraph, and AllegroGraph.

    Why Graph Databases?

    Nowadays, most of the data exists in the form of the relationship between different objects and more often, the relationship between the data is more valuable than the data itself.

    Relational databases store highly structured data which have several records storing the same type of data so they can be used to store structured data and, they do not store the relationships between the data.

    Unlike other databases, graph databases store relationships and connections as first-class entities.

    The data model for graph databases is simpler compared to other databases and, they can be used with OLTP systems. They provide features like transactional integrity and operational availability.

    RDBMS Vs Graph Database

    Following is the table which compares Relational databases and Graph databases.

    Sr.No RDBMS Graph Database
    1 Tables Graphs
    2 Rows Nodes
    3 Columns and Data Properties and its values
    4 Constraints Relationships
    5 Joins Traversal

    Advantages of Neo4j

    Following are the advantages of Neo4j.

    • Flexible data model − Neo4j provides a flexible simple and yet powerful data model, which can be easily changed according to the applications and industries.

    • Real-time insights − Neo4j provides results based on real-time data.

    • High availability − Neo4j is highly available for large enterprise real-time applications with transactional guarantees.

    • Connected and semi structures data − Using Neo4j, you can easily represent connected and semi-structured data.

    • Easy retrieval − Using Neo4j, you can not only represent but also easily retrieve (traverse/navigate) connected data faster when compared to other databases.

    • Cypher query language − Neo4j provides a declarative query language to represent the graph visually, using an ascii-art syntax. The commands of this language are in human readable format and very easy to learn.

    • No joins − Using Neo4j, it does NOT require complex joins to retrieve connected/related data as it is very easy to retrieve its adjacent node or relationship details without joins or indexes.

    Features of Neo4j

    Following are the notable features of Neo4j −

    • Data model (flexible schema) − Neo4j follows a data model named native property graph model. Here, the graph contains nodes (entities) and these nodes are connected with each other (depicted by relationships). Nodes and relationships store data in key-value pairs known as properties.

      In Neo4j, there is no need to follow a fixed schema. You can add or remove properties as per requirement. It also provides schema constraints.

    • ACID properties − Neo4j supports full ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) rules.

    • Scalability and reliability − You can scale the database by increasing the number of reads/writes, and the volume without effecting the query processing speed and data integrity. Neo4j also provides support for replication for data safety and reliability.

    • Cypher Query Language − Neo4j provides a powerful declarative query language known as Cypher. It uses ASCII-art for depicting graphs. Cypher is easy to learn and can be used to create and retrieve relations between data without using the complex queries like Joins.

    • Built-in web application − Neo4j provides a built-in Neo4j Browser web application. Using this, you can create and query your graph data.

    • Drivers − Neo4j can work with −

      • REST API to work with programming languages such as Java, Spring, Scala etc.

      • Java Script to work with UI MVC frameworks such as Node JS.

      • It supports two kinds of Java API: Cypher API and Native Java API to develop Java applications. In addition to these, you can also work with other databases such as MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.

    • Indexing − Neo4j supports Indexes by using Apache Lucence.


    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j CQL – Creating Nodes nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j CQL – Creating Nodes



    As discussed, a node is a data/record in a graph database. You can create a node in Neo4j using the CREATE clause. This chapter teaches you how to −

    • Create a single node
    • Create multiple nodes
    • Create a node with a label
    • Create a node with multiple labels
    • Create a node with properties
    • Returning the created node

    Creating a Single node

    You can create a node in Neo4j by simply specifying the name of the node that is to be created along with the CREATE clause.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax for creating a node using Cypher Query Language.

    CREATE (node_name);
    

    Note − Semicolon (;) is optional.

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates a node in Neo4j.

    CREATE (sample)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server as shown in the following screenshot.

    Start Button

    Step 2 − Open your browser, copy paste the following URL in your address bar http://localhost:7474/. This will give you the built-in browser app of Neo4j with a dollar prompt as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 3 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Dollar Prompt

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Single Node

    Verification

    To verify the creation of the node type, execute the following query in the dollar prompt.

    MATCH (n) RETURN n
    

    This query returns all the nodes in the database (we will discuss this query in detail in the coming chapters).

    On executing, this query shows the created node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Nodes in Database

    Creating Multiple Nodes

    The create clause of Neo4j CQL is also used to create multiple nodes at the same time. To do so, you need to pass the names of the nodes to be created, separated by a comma.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to create multiple nodes using the CREATE clause.

    CREATE (node1),(node2)
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates multiple nodes in Neo4j.

    CREATE (sample1),(sample2)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Desired Query

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Multiple Node

    Verification

    To verify the creation of the node, type and execute the following query in the dollar prompt.

    MATCH (n) RETURN n
    

    This query returns all the nodes in the database (we will discuss this query in detail in the coming chapters).

    On executing, this query shows the created node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Multiple Verification

    Creating a Node with a Label

    A label in Neo4j is used to group (classify) the nodes using labels. You can create a label for a node in Neo4j using the CREATE clause.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax for creating a node with a label using Cypher Query Language.

    CREATE (node:label)
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates a node with a label.

    CREATE (Dhawan:player)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Node Label

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Node Statement

    Verification

    To verify the creation of the node, type and execute the following query in the dollar prompt.

    MATCH (n) RETURN n
    

    This query returns all the nodes in the database (we will discuss this query in detail in the coming chapters).

    On executing, this query shows the created node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Label Verification

    Creating a Node with Multiple Labels

    You can also create multiple labels for a single node. You need to specify the labels for the node by separating them with a colon “ : ”.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to create a node with multiple labels.

    CREATE (node:label1:label2:. . . . labeln)
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates a node with multiple labels in Neo4j.

    CREATE (Dhawan:person:player)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Multiple Label

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Executed Query

    Verification

    To verify the creation of the node, type and execute the following query in the dollar prompt.

    MATCH (n) RETURN n
    

    This query returns all the nodes in the database (we will discuss this query in detail in the coming chapters).

    On executing, this query shows the created node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Multi Label Verification

    Create Node with Properties

    Properties are the key-value pairs using which a node stores data. You can create a node with properties using the CREATE clause. You need to specify these properties separated by commas within the flower braces “{ }”.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to create a node with properties.

    CREATE (node:label { key1: value, key2: value, . . . . . . . . .  })
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates a node with properties.

    CREATE (Dhawan:player{name: "Shikar Dhawan", YOB: 1985, POB: "Delhi"})
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Property Step

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Lable Result

    Verification

    To verify the creation of the node, type and execute the following query in the dollar prompt.

    MATCH (n) RETURN n
    

    This query returns all the nodes in the database (we will discuss this query in detail in the coming chapters).

    On executing, this query shows the created node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Creation Node

    Returning the Created Node

    Throughout the chapter, we used the MATCH (n) RETURN n query to view the created nodes. This query returns all the existing nodes in the database.

    Instead of this, we can use the RETURN clause with CREATE to view the newly created node.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to return a node in Neo4j.

    CREATE (Node:Label{properties. . . . }) RETURN Node
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which creates a node with properties and returns it.

    CREATE (Dhawan:player{name: "Shikar Dhawan", YOB: 1985, POB: "Delhi"}) RETURN Dhawan
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Play Button

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result.

    Return Node

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Home nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j Tutorial

    Neo4j Tutorial







    Neo4j is one of the popular Graph Databases and Cypher Query Language (CQL). Neo4j is written in Java Language. This tutorial explains the basics of Neo4j, Java with Neo4j, and Spring DATA with Neo4j. The tutorial is divided into sections such as Neo4j Introduction, Neo4j CQL, Neo4j CQL Functions, Neo4j Admin, etc. Each of these sections contain related topics with simple and useful examples.

    Audience

    This tutorial has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts of Neo4j. It will give you enough understanding on Neo4j from where you can take yourself to a higher level of expertise.

    Prerequisites

    Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of Database, Graph Theory, Java, and Spring Framework.

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Data Model nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Data Model



    Neo4j Property Graph Data Model

    Neo4j Graph Database follows the Property Graph Model to store and manage its data.

    Following are the key features of Property Graph Model −

    • The model represents data in Nodes, Relationships and Properties

    • Properties are key-value pairs

    • Nodes are represented using circle and Relationships are represented using arrow keys

    • Relationships have directions: Unidirectional and Bidirectional

    • Each Relationship contains “Start Node” or “From Node” and “To Node” or “End Node”

    • Both Nodes and Relationships contain properties

    • Relationships connects nodes

    In Property Graph Data Model, relationships should be directional. If we try to create relationships without direction, then it will throw an error message.

    In Neo4j too, relationships should be directional. If we try to create relationships without direction, then Neo4j will throw an error message saying that “Relationships should be directional”.

    Neo4j Graph Database stores all of its data in Nodes and Relationships. We neither need any additional RRBMS Database nor any SQL database to store Neo4j database data. It stores its data in terms of Graphs in its native format.

    Neo4j uses Native GPE (Graph Processing Engine) to work with its Native graph storage format.

    The main building blocks of Graph DB Data Model are −

    • Nodes
    • Relationships
    • Properties

    Following is a simple example of a Property Graph.

    Property Graph

    Here, we have represented Nodes using Circles. Relationships are represented using Arrows. Relationships are directional. We can represent Node”s data in terms of Properties (key-value pairs). In this example, we have represented each Node”s Id property within the Node”s Circle.


    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Merge Command nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Merge Command



    MERGE command is a combination of CREATE command and MATCH command.

    Neo4j CQL MERGE command searches for a given pattern in the graph. If it exists, then it returns the results.

    If it does NOT exist in the graph, then it creates a new node/relationship and returns the results.

    In this chapter you are going to learn how to −

    • Merge a node with label
    • Merge a node with properties
    • OnCreate and OnMatch
    • Merge a relationship

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax for the MERGE command.

    MERGE (node: label {properties . . . . . . . })
    

    Before proceeding to the examples in this section, create two nodes in the database with labels Dhawan and Ind. Create a relationship of type “BATSMAN_OF” from Dhawan to Ind as shown below.

    CREATE (Dhawan:player{name: "Shikar Dhawan", YOB: 1985, POB: "Delhi"})
    CREATE (Ind:Country {name: "India"})
    CREATE (Dhawan)-[r:BATSMAN_OF]->(Ind)
    

    Merging a Node with a Label

    You can merge a node in the database based on the label using the MERGE clause. If you try to merge a node based on the label, then Neo4j verifies whether there exists any node with the given label. If not, the current node will be created.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to merge a node based on a label.

    MERGE (node:label) RETURN node
    

    Example 1

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which merges a node into Neo4j (based on label). When you execute this query, Neo4j verifies whether there is any node with the label player. If not, it creates a node named “Jadeja” and returns it.

    If, there exists any node with the given label, Neo4j returns them all.

    MERGE (Jadeja:player) RETURN Jadeja
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Merge

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result. Since you have already created a node named “Dhawan” with the label “player” in the database, Neo4j returns it as shown in the following screenshot.

    Dhawan Player

    Example 2

    Now, try to merge a node named “CT2013” with a label named Tournament. Since there are no nodes with this label, Neo4j creates a node with the given name and returns it.

    MERGE (CT2013:Tournament{name: "ICC Champions Trophy 2013"})
    RETURN CT2013, labels(CT2013)
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and Start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Merging Node

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result. As discussed, since there is no node with the given label (Tournament). Neo4j creates and returns the specified node as shown in the following screenshot.

    Tornament

    Merging a Node with Properties

    You can also merge a node with a set of properties. If you do so, Neo4j searches for an equal match for the specified node, including the properties. If it doesn’t find any, it creates one.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax to merge a node using properties.

    MERGE (node:label {key1:value, key2:value, key3:value . . . . . . . . })
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query to merge a node using properties. This query tries to merge the node named “jadeja” using properties and label. Since there is no such node with the exact label and properties, Neo4j creates one.

    MERGE (Jadeja:player {name: "Ravindra Jadeja", YOB: 1988, POB: "NavagamGhed"})
    RETURN Jadeja
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and Start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Merging Properties

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result. As discussed, since there are no nodes with the specified label and properties, it creates one, as shown in the following screenshot.

    Property Result

    OnCreate and OnMatch

    Whenever, we execute a merge query, a node is either matched or created. Using on create and on match, you can set properties for indicating whether the node is created or matched.

    Syntax

    Following is the syntax of OnCreate and OnMatch clauses.

    MERGE (node:label {properties . . . . . . . . . . .})
    ON CREATE SET property.isCreated ="true"
    ON MATCH SET property.isFound ="true"
    

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which demonstrates the usage of OnCreate and OnMatch clauses in Neo4j. If the specified node already exists in the database, then the node will be matched and the property with key-value pair isFound = “true” will be created in the node.

    If the specified node doesn’t exist in the database, then the node will be created, and within it a property with a key-value pair isCreated =”true” will be created.

    MERGE (Jadeja:player {name: "Ravindra Jadeja", YOB: 1988, POB: "NavagamGhed"})
    ON CREATE SET Jadeja.isCreated = "true"
    ON MATCH SET Jadeja.isFound = "true"
    RETURN Jadeja
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Match Set

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result. As discussed, since there is no node with the specified details, Neo4j created it along with the property isFound as shown in the following screenshot.

    Oncreate Result

    Merge a Relationship

    Just like nodes, you can also merge the relationships using the MERGE clause.

    Example

    Following is a sample Cypher Query which merges a relationship using the MATCH clause in Neo4j. This query tries to merge a relationship named WINNERS_OF between the nodes “ind” (label: Country & name: India) and ICC13 (label: Tournament & name: ICC Champions Trophy 2013).

    Since such relation doesn’t exist, Neo4j creates one.

    MATCH (a:Country), (b:Tournament)
       WHERE a.name = "India" AND b.name = "ICC Champions Trophy 2013"
       MERGE (a)-[r:WINNERS_OF]->(b)
    RETURN a, b
    

    To execute the above query, carry out the following steps −

    Step 1 − Open the Neo4j desktop App and start the Neo4j Server. Open the built-in browser app of Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/ as shown in the following screenshot.

    Browser App

    Step 2 − Copy and paste the desired query in the dollar prompt and press the play button (to execute the query) highlighted in the following screenshot.

    Winners List

    Result

    On executing, you will get the following result. Since the specified relation doesn’t exist in the database, Neo4j creates one as shown in the following screenshot.

    Relationship Merge

    In the same way, you can merge multiple relationships and undirected relationships too.


    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Building Blocks nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Building Blocks



    Neo4j Graph Database has the following building blocks −

    • Nodes
    • Properties
    • Relationships
    • Labels
    • Data Browser

    Node

    Node is a fundamental unit of a Graph. It contains properties with key-value pairs as shown in the following image.

    Node

    Here, Node Name = “Employee” and it contains a set of properties as key-value pairs.

    Properties

    Property is a key-value pair to describe Graph Nodes and Relationships.

    Key = Value
    

    Where Key is a String and Value may be represented using any Neo4j Data types.

    Relationships

    Relationships are another major building block of a Graph Database. It connects two nodes as depicted in the following figure.

    Relationship

    Here, Emp and Dept are two different nodes. “WORKS_FOR” is a relationship between Emp and Dept nodes.

    As it denotes, the arrow mark from Emp to Dept, this relationship describes −

    Emp WORKS_FOR Dept
    

    Each relationship contains one start node and one end node.

    Here, “Emp” is a start node, and “Dept” is an end node.

    As this relationship arrow mark represents a relationship from “Emp” node to “Dept” node, this relationship is known as an “Incoming Relationship” to “Dept” Node and “Outgoing Relationship” to “Emp” node.

    Like nodes, relationships also can contain properties as key-value pairs.

    Properties

    Here, “WORKS_FOR” relationship has one property as key-value pair.

    Id = 123
    

    It represents an Id of this relationship.

    Labels

    Label associates a common name to a set of nodes or relationships. A node or relationship can contain one or more labels. We can create new labels to existing nodes or relationships. We can remove the existing labels from the existing nodes or relationships.

    From the previous diagram, we can observe that there are two nodes.

    Left side node has a Label: “Emp” and the right side node has a Label: “Dept”.

    Relationship between those two nodes also has a Label: “WORKS_FOR”.

    Note − Neo4j stores data in Properties of Nodes or Relationships.

    Neo4j Data Browser

    Once we install Neo4j, we can access Neo4j Data Browser using the following URL

    http://localhost:7474/browser/
    

    Data Browser

    Neo4j Data Browser is used to execute CQL commands and view the output.

    Here, we need to execute all CQL commands at dollar prompt: “$”

    Type commands after the dollar symbol and click the “Execute” button to run your commands.

    It interacts with Neo4j Database Server, retrieves and displays the results just below the dollar prompt.

    Use “VI View” button to view the results in diagrams format. The above diagram shows results in “UI View” format.

    Use “Grid View” button to view the results in Grid View. The following diagram shows the same results in “Grid View” format.

    Grid View

    When we use “Grid View” to view our Query results, we can export them into a file in two different formats.

    CSV

    Click the “Export CSV” button to export the results in csv file format.

    CSV

    JSON

    Click the “Export JSON” button to export the results in JSON file format.

    Json

    However, if we use “UI View” to see our Query results, we can export them into a file in only one format: JSON


    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc

  • Khóa học miễn phí Neo4j – Environment Setup nhận dự án làm có lương

    Neo4j – Environment Setup



    In this chapter, we will discuss how to install Neo4j in your system using exe file.

    Neo4j Database Server Setup with Windows exe File

    Follow the steps given below to download Neo4j into your system.

    Step 1 − Visit the Neo4j official site using . On clicking, this link will take you to the homepage of neo4j website.

    Home Page

    Step 2 − As highlighted in the above screenshot, this page has a Download button on the top right hand side. Click it.

    Step 3 − This will redirect you to the downloads page, where you can download the community edition and the enterprise edition of Neo4j. Download the community edition of the software by clicking the respective button.

    Download Page

    Step 4 − This will take you to the page where you can download community version of Neo4j software compatible with different operating systems. Download the file respective to the desired operating system.

    Respective Operating System

    This will download a file named neo4j-community_windows-x64_3_1_1.exe to your system as shown in the following screenshot.

    Community Windows

    Step 5 − Double-click the exe file to install Neo4j Server.

    Exe File

    Step 6 − Accept the license agreement and proceed with the installation. After completion of the process, you can observe that Neo4j is installed in your system.

    Starting the Server

    Step 1 − Click the Windows startmenu and start the Neo4j server by clicking the start menu shortcut for Neo4j.

    Starting Server

    Step 2 − On clicking the shortcut, you will get a window for Neo4j Community edition. By default, it selects c:Users[username]DocumentsNeo4jdefault.graphdb. If you want, you can change your path to a different directory.

    Shortcut

    Step 3 − Click the “Start” button to start the Neo4j server.

    Start Button

    Once the server starts, you can observe that the database directory is populated as shown in the following screenshot.

    Database Directory

    Working with Neo4j

    As discussed in the previous chapters, neo4j provides an in-built browse application to work with Neo4j. You can access Neo4j using the URL http://localhost:7474/

    Working

    Khóa học lập trình tại Toidayhoc vừa học vừa làm dự án vừa nhận lương: Khóa học lập trình nhận lương tại trung tâm Toidayhoc